They are laid out of artificial stones – with a nominal size of 25012065 mm, without taking into account tolerances of 3-5 mm.
Bricks are laid with the long side (25 mm) along the facade (along the wall) and are called spoons, or the short side – across the wall – and are called headers. The gaps between the bricks, filled with mortar, are called seams. The normal thickness of the horizontal seam (between rows) is 2 mm, vertical (between bricks) – 10 mm. Often, builders use significantly thicker seams, which is extremely undesirable, because this reduces the heat-insulating qualities and strength of the wall and violates the modularity of the sizes.
In cottage construction, solid bricks are used, ordinary or clay red, fired with a bulk density of 1700-1900 kg / m3 and less expensive silicate or white (bulk density – 1800-2000 kg / m3). For ease of use, the weight of one (solid) brick is from 3.2 to 4 kg. The thickness of homogeneous (solid) brick walls is always a multiple of half a brick and is erected in 1/2; 1; 11/2; 2; 21/2 bricks, etc. Taking into account the thickness of vertical joints of 10 mm, brick walls have a thickness of 120, 250, 380, 510, 640 mm and more. This depends primarily on the winter design temperatures of the outside air.