External walls must have sufficient (according to standards) heat-protective qualities: calculated resistance to heat transfer (frost resistance in winter, protection from overheating by the sun in summer), vapor permeability and air permeability, i.e. they must provide the necessary temperature and humidity conditions in the premises at any time of the year.
Depending on the required degree of fire resistance of the house, the walls must have a flammability group and a fire resistance limit not lower than those established by fire safety standards. Both external and internal walls must have sufficient (according to standards) soundproofing properties.
These and some other requirements that should be taken into account when choosing a project and coordinating the designs of different elements of the house are sometimes contradictory. It is necessary to select materials and designs that meet, if possible, all technical requirements and the most economical solutions. According to the design solution, walls can be divided into solid, consisting of a homogeneous material, and solid, consisting of different materials. The former perform both enclosing and supporting functions, while the latter perform either a supporting or enclosing function.